Technicians at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., position the massive James Webb Space Telescope for tests in its assembly room earlier this year, in preparation for a 2018 launch. While Webb will be the most powerful space telescope ever built, astronomers are already designing its successor. The High Definition Space Telescope will have a mirror nearly twice the diameter of Webb’s 21.3-foot gold mirror and should be powerful enough to detect evidence of life on alien planets.