Deer and Other Hoofed Mammals May Have Horns Because of One Ancient Ancestor

Deer, elk, giraffes, and other ungulates may have all gotten their headgear from a common ancestor that lived 15 million years to 20 million years ago.

By Joshua Rapp Learn
Aug 21, 2024 6:00 PMAug 21, 2024 6:14 PM
Deer with antlers
(Credit: Giedriius/Shutterstock)

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Antlers are like giant, imposing cradles, sometimes stretching out from an animal’s head in a bowl-like shape with horns reaching for the sky.

And there is variation in horns and antlers among many animals. In a recent study published in Communications Biology, researchers found that ruminant headgear may have evolved from a common ancestor that lived 15 million years to 20 million years ago.

“There’s some sort of genetic predisposition that this family has towards ornamentation,” says Zachary Calamari, an evolutionary biologist at the City University of New York and the American Museum of Natural History.

Hoofed Mammals with Headgear

Ruminants are a group of even-toed hoofed mammals that are divided into six major groups. There are four with some sort of headgear, whether they are horns, antlers, ossicones for giraffes.

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