This article was originally published on Sept. 10, 2020 and has since been updated with additional information.
In our fast-paced and demanding lives, it is no surprise that many of us turn to substances like caffeine and alcohol to cope with stress and anxiety. While they may provide a temporary feeling of relief, could they also have negative consequences for our mental health?
Understanding how a daily coffee or cocktail habit could be influencing your well-being is a great way to take care of yourself. Everyday substances like caffeine and alcohol, when consumed in excess, can exacerbate underlying mental health issues like anxiety and depression. And seemingly harmless drugs in your medicine cabinet, like allergy or cold meds, can interact with medications used for treating mental health to bring about serious consequences.
Coffee and Sleep
“When we’re talking about caffeine and about alcohol and their impacts on mental health, the topic that you start focusing on is sleep,” says Alexander Blount, a psychologist and professor emeritus of family medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical School.
Sleep has a big impact on how people manage their mental health and feel about themselves generally, says Blount. Loss of sleep contributes to the development of some psychiatric conditions, like depression and bipolar disorder. People struggling with their mental health are more likely to struggle with sleep, too. In fact, 50 to 80 percent of patients in treatment for mental health issues also report sleep problems, says Blount.
Caffeine in moderation acts as a mood brightener, says Blount. There’s a difference between drinking a cup of coffee or two in the morning to get started and feel a little sharper and drinking eight cups or more over the course of the day, he says.
Even if you’re able to fall asleep after drinking that much caffeine, your sleep quality is probably poor. Poor sleep quality can cause problems for people struggling with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and attention deficit disorder in particular, says Blouth.
Read More: Why You Should Avoid Coffee Late at Night
Can Caffeine Cause Anxiety?
While caffeine affects people differently, too much caffeine can increase existing feelings of stress and anxiety. Most people are familiar with the energy boost and jitters that can accompany getting a sudden shot of espresso or an energy drink. The substance increases your body’s alertness and in doing so can make someone already struggling even more anxious.
According to a 2015 study on the health effects of caffeine, both adults and adolescents who regularly consume high doses of caffeine often report experiencing anxiety and mood disorders, along with behavioral changes.
Read More: Why Caffeine Affects People Differently
The Relationship Between Caffeine and Alcohol
Going heavy on caffeine can also increase alcohol use, says Blount. Many people will have a drink or two to dull the effects of caffeine to help them go to sleep, he says. While alcohol may help you fall asleep, it often reduces the quality of your sleep, so you aren’t getting the deep rest your brain needs.
There is a reciprocal relationship between alcohol and depression, he says. Alcohol also tends to increase depressive symptoms. And symptoms of depression can make people more vulnerable to alcohol abuse. It’s a vicious cycle: feelings of low self-worth and confidence can cause someone to drink more, which then can make them feel even worse about themselves.
“Alcohol increases risk of depression and depression increases risk of alcohol use,” says Blount.
A third of adults in the U.S. now show signs of clinical depression, according to a Census Bureau survey conducted earlier this year. People are isolated from friends and family, have lost jobs or are dealing with economic hardship and other stress that comes with weathering a global disease outbreak. Through it all, even during the most stringent lockdowns, liquor stores have remained open, which has boosted concerns from experts about alcohol dependence and relapse.
Read More: The Long-Term Effects of Alcohol on Sleep Quality
Medications That Impact Mental Health
Other substances you may have lying around your house or tucked in the cabinet also need to be used carefully. The ingredients in many common decongestants, cough suppressants and antihistamines interact with antidepressants and other medications used for treating mental health in a way that can either make those drugs less effective or create new, troublesome side effects.
For example, cough medicine containing the common ingredient dextromethorphan (DXM) shouldn’t be taken in combination with antidepressants Prozac, Zoloft or Lexapro. Doing so can cause your body to produce too much serotonin, leading to a condition called serotonin syndrome that can bring about increased anxiety, headaches, fevers and a host of other symptoms. In severe cases, it can be deadly.
If you take medication for depression, bipolar disorder or another mental health condition, you should talk to your doctor before selecting an over-the-counter drug to alleviate a cough or runny nose. Don’t stop taking your medication, however.
If you want to start drinking less coffee or adult beverages, Blount recommends using breathing and mindfulness exercises to help reduce anxiety and connecting with friends and family over the phone or video chat to alleviate feelings of isolation. Changing your routine so that you replace that fifth cup of coffee or first beer with something else you enjoy, like going for a short walk, can help disrupt the pattern.
Read More: How to Improve Your Mental Health
Article Sources:
Our writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review them for accuracy and trustworthiness. Review the sources used below for this article:
Alexander Blount. Psychologist and professor emeritus of family medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical School
Clinical psychology : a publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association. Sleep Disturbance in Bipolar Disorder Across the Lifespan
Harvard Health. Sleep and mental health
Current neuropharmacology. Caffeine: Cognitive and Physical Performance Enhancer or Psychoactive Drug?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Anxiety and Depression
Medium. The Heartbreaking Struggle to Stay Sober Under Lockdown
Verywellmind. What to Know About Taking Cold Medicine on Antidepressants
Mdedge. Nothing to sneeze at: Upper respiratory infections and mood disorders
Verywellmind. How to Recognize the Signs and Symptoms of Serotonin Syndrome
