The island nation of Papua New Guinea is one of those places where biologists go to make extraordinary discoveries. During recent rainforest expeditions coordinated by Conservation International, researchers turned up about 200 new species.  In a press release, the group explained its goals: "The searches were conducted as part of CI’s global efforts to document the biodiversity of poorly known but species-rich environments, and raise their profile to assist local communities establish conservation priorities for future development."

This bright green frog is believed to be new to science. It lives 100 feet up in the forest canopy, and taunted curious researchers down below with its loud, guttural croaks all night long. They finally caught their first glimpse of a handsome male by sending a local climber up to the treetops.