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Galleries / Funky Life at an Underwater Hydrothermal Vent

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published April 15, 2008

<p>Sited along a volcanic ridge, the 2,000-foot-long Mothra Field is a hydrothermal vent 200 miles off the coast of Washington State. The fantastical landscape is more than a mile beneath the sea surface and home only to life that can withstand tremendous pressure, acidity, and heat. The foundation for this unusual ecosystem? Hot, mineral-rich water jetted from stone structures called black smokers, which are themselves formed by minerals in the water.</p><p>	</p><p>This photo shows a three-foot-high black smoker in an area dubbed the Faulty Towers Complex. Water spewing from the smoker reaches 600 degrees Fahrenheit.</p>
<p>The heat and minerals around a hydrothermal vent create conditions that allow bacteria and animals to colonize the site.</p>
<p>Some black smokers in Mothra Field are 60 feet tall. This one is 24 feet.</p>
<p>Lacy sponges living on a collapsed lake of lava make life look easy 7,000 feet below the sea surface.</p>
<p>In a section called the Faulty Towers Complex, a black smoker called Finn is home to a bacterium--strain 121--that holds the world's record for heat tolerance: It lives in water as hot as 250 degrees Fahrenheit.</p>
<p>A skate wanders by the smoker. Fractures cutting the chimney are lined with white bacteria.</p>
<p>Close-up of part of a smoker about 2 miles north of the Mothra Field, on a structure called Strawberry Fields.</p>
<p>Strawberry Fields is named after a colony of red-plumed tubeworms that live on it. Tubeworms have no mouth, gut, or anus. Codependency is their MO: They harbor bacteria in their tissue that produce food for them; in turn, the tubeworm absorbs minerals and nutrients that feed the bacteria.</p>

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